Entrepreneurship and lnnovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Entrepreneurship and lnnovation - Essay Example Innovative ideas among young people are in the present times being visible to greater extents since they not only possess positive attitude, but they also have the opportunities to use their ideas and knowledge towards contributing to the business world as a whole. However, the innovative ideas generated by the youth might not always be supported in the business world owing to their lack of experience. In such cases, new ideas might remain hidden. However, in many situations this might not be the case. The present study focuses on an innovative business idea and thus reflects on an outline stating the requirements of the business in terms of market analysis, marketing and sales, operations, logistics, human resources, and financials. The innovative business that has been thought of for the report is the business of cold drinks whose basic component would be fruits but would taste like cold drinks. Table of Contents: Page 1. Statement of Who We Are and What We Are Selling†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦,.5 2. Statement of Innovative Opportunity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦,..5 3. Market and Competitive Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦,6 4. Financials†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 5. ... References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.14 10. Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 List of Tables: Page Table 1: UK Soft Drinks Consumption, 2003-2009†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 List of Appendices: Page Appendix A: Projected Cash Flow Statement for the Company†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 1. Statement of Who We Are and What We Are Selling: The creation of new jobs has been considered as the most significant influence of the innovations and entrepreneurships positively contributing to the economy of any country. Moreover, newer ways of performances and tasks are formed as a result of the innovative idea (Importance of Entrepreneurship, n.d.). The company that is in the plan of making is focused on manufacturing of a drink product that has the attributes of both the fruit drinks combined with cold drinks keeping in mind the health effects and thus lessening them. The name of the company has been thought to be Drinking Fruits. Thus a consumer would feel the tastes of both. The mission of the company would be to connect the taste of the product with the consumer’s preferences. The vision is to become a world class drink product company and spread across internationally reaching the tastes of consumers. In order to be successful, an effective management team would be decided. Such a team would have management team members in the divisions of Marketing, Finance, Information Technology as well as Human Resources. The top of the company would be the Chief Executive Officer or the C EO. 2. Statement of Innovative Opportunity: The uniqueness of the product lies in the combined effect of the

Effect of Nuclear Radiation on the Environment

Effect of Nuclear Radiation on the Environment Mohamad Hammoud Introduction By the early 17th century, certain electrical devices and power generators were being invented by certain scientists, who did not yet know that they were scratching the surface to a much more dangerous form of energy, to be discovered by scientist Einstein a few centuries later. This form of energy to be produced through a substance named Uranium was to be introduced as a more efficient power source. However, the process with which this energy was created was to be exploited, which would result in what is known today as â€Å"The Weapons of Mass Destruction.† The use of such form of powerful energy for certain military uses can result in horrific results. A quick study shows that even a minor war would quickly decline the world climate and environment, inflicting harm that could last for decades. Richard Turco, a scientist at the UCLA said that exploding only between 30 and 70 missiles just 0.03% of the entire storage would cause enough pollution to create climatic disasters unseen before in human history. He also said the effects would be much greater than what were talking about withglobal warming and anything thats happened in history with regards volcanic eruptions. Summarily, it can alter and damage not only the atmosphere, but also all forms of life such as humans, animals, and plants. (Jha) The Invention of Nuclear Power and Missiles Problems Encountered During Creation: The invention mainly started to take place during midst 1939, just before the beginning of the second Great War. It all commenced when Albert Einstein and several other scientists wrote to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, informing him of the Nazi’s efforts to cleanse and exploit Uranium-235, which could be used to build a weapon of mass destruction. It was at that moment that FDR decided to begin â€Å"The Manhattan Project†, which was simply to produce a viable nuclear bomb. However, there were many complicated issues to be faced. The most significant of these issues was the inability to extract â€Å"enriched† uranium to maintain a series of reactions. Back then, uranium-235 was extremely difficult to extract, and the ratio of extracted ore to uranium metal was as low as 500:1. Furthermore, over 99% of the refined metal from the ore was uranium-238, which was rendered useless for the invention of an atomic bomb. The two different types of isotopes were nearly identical in their chemical makeup, and only possibly separated by mechanical means. Solution of the Problem and Testing of the new Invention: Soon thereafter, a massive enrichment lab was erected at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Harold Urey and his colleagues came up with an extraction system, which worked on the principles of gas diffusion, while Ernest Lawrence put into action a process which involved magnetic force to separate the two isotopes. A gas centrifuge was then used to separate the lighter uranium-235 from the heavier uranium-238. After this separation, all that was needed was for the scientists to put the concept of atomic fission (which involves splitting the atom) to the test. Overall, approximately two billion dollars were invested into â€Å"The Manhattan Project.† Throughout the entire path, it was a scientist by the name of Robert Oppenheimer who oversaw the progress of the campaign from beginning to end. Finally, the day of testing arrived. It was on July 16, 1945 where it would be found out if the entire project was just a complete dud, or if it would put an end to the massacre. Upon placing the missile in the sea, a massive white blast took place. The light turned red as the power of the explosion shot upwards at 360 feet per second. The explosion resembled the shape of a mushroom. â€Å"The Manhattan Project had been a success.† (Bellis) Effect of Nuclear Radiation on Humans Immediate (Short Term) Effects: Survivors of such a devastating blast will be killed within a few days due to radioactive fall-out. The severity of the fall-out will be determined by whether the nuclear bomb explodes in mid-air, or upon impact with the ground. The first of these will leave a larger blast impact. The latter, however, will throw much higher quantities of radioactive debris into the surrounding atmosphere. The area included in this fall-out is strictly dependent upon the wind speed and its direction. The heavier the particle of radioactive debris, the higher the chance it drops in close vicinity. Smoother and rather smaller particles, however, are thrown over longer distances before their fall. Some of these particles are so fine that they can combine with vaporized water and fall as radioactive rain 1700 miles from the original blast. Anyone who is in the range of this radioactivity will suffer from hair loss, internal bleeding, fever, bleeding from the gums, and terminal coma. Much of these have no effective medicine and are fatal. (Carnegie) Long Term Effects: Genetic studies on the children of nuclear bomb survivors who were exposed to the atmosphere afterwards was conducted by the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission and the Radiation Effects Research Foundation ever since 1948. The analysis of past studies shows signs of abnormal pregnancy outcomes: deformation, stillbirth and early child death. Other effects include chromosome aberrations. Chromosome aberrations can be defined as an extra, irregular, or missing portion of a certain chromosomal DNA. This alteration of chromosomes can cause several inborn diseases due to aneuploidy. An example of such a human disease is Down syndrome, where the affected have three copies of chromosome 21 instead of a natural two. (Nakamura) Effect of Nuclear Bombs on the Climate and Atmosphere General Effects on the Climate: Although there has been a two-thirds decrease in the world’s nuclear arsenal since 1987, scientific research clarifies that the results of even a minor nuclear war can end human history and leave mother earth inhabitable. Studies conducted at several U.S universities predict that the explosion of a tiny amount of the global nuclear storage within large metropolitan areas would cause catastrophic disruptions in the Earth’s climate and massive destruction of out protective ozone layer. Studies conclude that a small or rather regional conflict between two nations such as India and Pakistan would disrupt the climate for decades to come. Details: In a small-scale war, denotation of about 100 Hiroshima-sized bombs – under half a percent of the world’s arsenal- would send over five million tons of soot and smoke over cloud-level. This could prevent almost 10% of the sunlight from reaching the northern hemisphere; this smoke and soot can remain in the atmosphere for a couple of decades. This would cause average surface temperatures beneath this layer to become lower than it has ever been in the last 1000 years. However, if a large-scale war event was to take place, and the United States and U.S.S.R ere to launch their full arsenal, over 150 million tons of smoke would rise above cloud-level. This would block over 75% of sunlight from reaching the northern hemisphere, and 30% of sunlight from reaching the southern hemisphere. Under such extreme and severe conditions, it only requires a few days for the temperatures to drop below freezing levels in agricultural areas. Average surface temperatures would become colder than it has ever been in the past 18,000 years which coincides with the peak of the previous ice age. Rainfall would decrease by 90%, growing seasons would be completely eliminated, and the majority of the human and animal populations would die of starvation.

The Style of Alan Bennett’s Talking Heads :: Talking Heads

The Style of Alan Bennett’s Talking Heads Bennett states in his introduction that "forms....dictate themselves" and that material demands to be "written in a particular way and no other". Each of the characters, according to the author has a "single point of view" and none is "telling the whole story". He says that his characters are "artless" and "don't quite know what they are saying". It is true that this is so. We, the listeners, can make conjectures about all of them. Graham's ambiguous sexuality, Susan's alcoholism and Muriel's perverted husband are not revealed directly through any statements made to us. They are hinted at by what is left unsaid or by what is obliquely inferred. In a very real sense, though, this is true to life and Bennett cleverly constructs each monologue to be as realistic as possible. In speaking to an inanimate object - the camera - each character is, so to speak, alone. The audience is not "there", as far as the speaker is concerned. Better still, the camera is like a hidden priest in a confess ional. Each person is able to speak quite frankly to the anonymous listener. If we make judgements we have no means of interaction. This is not a two - way process of confidential gossip, for none of the characters expect a reply. Bennett lets his characters reveal themselves openly and we are left to form our own opinions of them. He calls the style "austere" and so it is, for there is no authorial decoration of expression. What each character actually says is all we are given to work on and we must sift the inner meanings for ourselves. One of the author's most impressive gifts is his ear for idiom. All of the characters use an idiomatic turn of phrase exactly suited to their lifestyles and backgrounds. Bennett's use of cliché is extensive, each character again using appropriate language with regard to background and upbringing. Their choice of idiom is often very funny, sometimes intentionally, as in the case of Susan's "Hazflor" episode and sometimes unintentionally, as in Doris's "Love God and close all gates". It is difficult to categorise the form of these stories. Bennett calls them monologues, which, strictly speaking, they are, but he also says that several of them could be plays.

Argumentative Essay of the Movie “The Reader”

Parra 1 Martin Parra Prof. Enrique Wong English 100 4 December 2012 Looks can be deceiving; do not fall into the trap â€Å"Ethical principles stand above the existence of the nation and that, by adhering to these principles an individual, belongs to the community of all those who share, who have shared, and who will share this belief† (Fromm 121). This thought was impossible to perceive in Germany during Hitler’s command and his cruel, racist, immoral Jewish holocaust. Ethics and moral never existed in that country by that time, thus Germans only lived under the â€Å"law†.One special case of this atrocity was the one of Hanna Schmitz, in the movie The Reader. Some people would say that Hanna Schmitz was a right person based on the fact that she helped Michael Berg during his youth and also the fact that she was a disciplined worker. However, she manipulated Michael Berg, killed around three hundred people in the concentration camp, and killed herself when she w as in jail. Despite Hanna helped Michael when he more needed at the time he was very sick, she manipulated and mistreated him in different ways.The first one and the most important was when Michael had to take a bath (The Reader, film). He wanted a private moment, but Hanna disrespected him (The Reader, film). She did not close the curtain and saw him naked. When Michael realized that, he was restrained. Looking at his eyes, Hanna seized the moment and got naked, too. Michael got shocked. After some looks, Michael was having his first sex experience (The Reader, film). He was just fifteen years old. Then, they began to repeat this situation almost every day. So, Michael Parra 2 started to prefer going Hanna’s instead going home, and she did not care about it.Neither cared about his name (she just called him â€Å"kid†) nor how was he with his disease (The Reader, film). She just wanted to have sex and pleasure, not love at all. After some time, Michael read a story to Hanna and she liked the way he did it. Hanna liked so much that she preferred hearing a story before having sex (The Reader, film). Again, Hanna is using Michael just to self-indulge. Another situation where she did not show respect for him was in the train. Both saw each other, but Hanna did not want to greet him and turned around (The Reader, film).Furthermore, she told Michael that she could not be upset with him because she did not care enough about him (The Reader, film). Unexpectedly, he asked Hanna if she loved him, the answer was a deep silence (The Reader, film). So, it is clear that Hanna Schmitz did not respect Michael Berg, just used and manipulated him for her own benefit. After a long time, Michael became a law student and saw Hanna again, but in a trial (The Reader, film). It resulted that Hanna drop her job at the train office and radically became a concentration camp guard (The Reader, film). Why did she take that decision?It can be possible that she was in a diffic ult situation in her life, but she could have easily chosen another type of job, not an atrocious one. Even though she knew her new job was killing people without a logic reason, she accepted before thinking twice. The worst thing she did was burning a church with three hundred people inside and locking all the doors (The Reader, film). Where are the ethics, moral and logic here?! She did not want to think in the most important values and rights, she just obeyed the law. Based on Donald B. Walker article: Law is the derivation of a society? interpretation of justice which is relative both to time and place. Furthermore, the creation of law is more frequently the Parra 3 result of the interpretation of justice by the powerful in the society which is then applied at the expense of the powerless. Obviously, in this case the Germans were the powerful and Jews, the powerless. Consequently, their law was an interpretation of what they think to be justice; but, that justice was based on ha te, racism and killing of some people, especially Jews. This absurd law was the only thing Hanna had in my mind when she was working as a concentration camp guard.She could save those people if she had thought in ethics and rights, but no. She did not open her mind, just obeyed the law. At the end of the trial Michael began to cry because the judge sentence Hanna penal servitude for life because she admitted that the letter about those killed people in the concentration camp was written by her (The Reader, film). It may have been worse; she could have been executed due to all the people she had killed. Years passed, Michael Berg became a judge, he had a daughter; but, he never stopped thinking about Hanna Schmitz.He could not forget her. So, one day he decided to write a letter to her (The Reader, film). When she received it and heard the name Michael Berg, she was surprised. After that, Michael sent her a story recorded in a cassette. Since then, plenty of cassettes arrived to Hann a’s jail (The Reader, film). Since then, she learned how to read and write. Now the big question, why did she tell the judge that she wrote that letter when she did not know how to write? It cannot be possible that Hanna lied in the most decisive moment of the trial, of her future.Finally, she killed herself after Michael wanted to help to her to get out of prison. These attitudes are considered part of the psychologically weakest people who refuse any kind of help from others who love and care them. Once again Hanna Schmitz hurt Michael and did not want his help, even worse, his love. Parra 4 In spite of Hanna Schmitz helped the young boy Michael Berg when he was sick and was an excellent worker, as a conclusion, it is clear that she was a manipulating and cruel person. She used the young boy Michael Berg to satisfy herself and killed a lot of people just because it was her job.She did not showed respect, human rights, and ethics in both cases. Actually, she can be considere d a selfish hypocrite prepotent person who just wanted her own benefit with no respect or care about the others around her. So, be careful; you do not want to be like Hanna Schmitz, right? Works Cited Fromm, Erich. Escape from freedom. New York: Farrar and Rinehart, 1941. Print. The reader. Dir. Stephen Daldry. Perf. Kate Winslet, Ralph Fiennes, and Bruno Ganz. Mirage, 2008. Film. Walker, Donal B. The Detah Penalthy: Legal Cruelty. USA Today, November 1983.

Repair scheme for the damaged hull

The repair scheme for the damaged hull can be processed according the following repair flow chart; Damage Assessment The damaged sandwich panel consists of two high strength GRP skin and skins separated by a low density, lower strength foam core. The cross section of hull in the damaged area is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 – Cross Section of Damaged Hull Such structures can be subjected to three damage scenarios. The damage can be limited to one skin (Type A), to one skin and the core (Type B), or to both skins and the core (Type C). Type A damage generally involves matrix cracking, fiber breakage and delaminations in the skin. The damage may or may not extend through the full thickness of the skin. Type A damage can also include debonding of the skin from the core. Type B damage involves Type A damage to one skin combined with crushing or shear cracking of the core. Type C damage involves the same damage mechanisms as Type B except both skins are affected. Type C damage can fully penetrate the sandwich structure [1]. Assuming the hole approximately 150mm in diameter is a though hole and damaged both skins and foam core, we have Type C damage. So we need to repair this damage according to Type C repair scenario. Since access can be gained from both sides, The repair of Type C damage could be done. Repair Type Decision Repair approaches are divided into non-patch, usually fo minor defects, and patch, usually for major defects. Patch repairs are also divided into – Bonded External Patch Repairs External patches can be employed to repair laminates and skins of honeycomb panels of thickness up to about 2mm composites. The main problem with external patches is that, as in a single-lap joint, there is an eccentric load path that results in bending in the patch and peeling stresses in the adhesive and composite. – Bonded Scarf or Flush Repairs Scarf repairs are employed to repair thicker section material than is possible with external repairs and also where the repair must show minimum protrusion above the original surface. The main advantages of scarf joints are the uniform shear-stress distribution in the adhesive, and, due to lack of eccentricity in the load path, the low peel stress. – Bolted External Patch Repairs Bolted patches are generally employed for field repair of thick laminates where the shear stress requirements exceed the capability of adhesives for external patch repairs and where the complexity of repair implementation and material removal requirements. Moisture problems also limit field applications of bonded repairs in thick composites. Bolted repairs are well suited to the repair of battle damage since they are easy to apply by unskilled personnel and require minimum facilities. [2] Both bonded and bolted repair methods could be applied to repair marine sandwich structures. Bonded repairs were considered to be lighter in weight and distribute the load more evenly over a wider area. However, they require careful surface preparation, are difficult to inspect and are more difficult to perform correctly. Bolted repairs are more easily carried out and require minimal surface preparation. However, they add bulk and weight and require holes to be drilled through the structure which can introduce further damage and create stress concentrations. Additionally, bolted repairs are more difficult to implement on sandwich structures and need to be water-tight [3]. Since the yacht has been rammed well above the water line, it could continue its operation with small leakages. So repair could be done in facilities. Also since it has been rammed there is no stress cracking due to design considerations. Same section could be performed; shear stress requirements do not exceed the capability of adhesives. According to these considerations, bonded scarf repair would be more applicable. Permanent Composite Structure Repair For all bonded repairs, removal of all damaged material starting at the centre of the damaged region and surface preparation is of vital importance. Damage to sandwich structures often involves damage to the core material. The damaged core can be filled either with a foaming adhesive, a laminate or a new core section bonded in place. The latter method is usually adopted as it best restores the properties of the sandwich structure. The approved general guidelines for laminate and sandwich repairs should be followed. These repair operations should be carried out in a workshop areas to ensure high quality repairs. The repair of Type C damage to GRP/foam sandwich structures requires the replacement of both skins and the core. The repair procedure for Type C damage is shown in Figure and described following [4]; 1. Remove damaged material. a) Remove the damaged skins, working from the centre of the damaged region on both sides outwards until sound material is encountered. b) Remove the exposed damaged core. 2. Taper sand a) Prepare the foam core b) Sand the edges of both skins to a taper per layer providing a scarf angle 3. Install the replacement foam. a) Use a paste adhesive designed to bond foam. However, instead of using vacuum, the adhesive was injected into the bondline using a caulking gun. b) Use a backing plate where required. c) Use the appropriate grade of foam. d) Use the minimum amount of adhesive. 4. Replace the skins. a) Use the same number of layers as the original skin. b) Apply one extra layer of GRP. 5. Replace the skins on other side. a) Use the same number of layers as the original skin. b) Apply one extra layer of GRP. Quality Check / NDT For comprehensive inspection of repaired part, Non Destructive Test (NDT) can ve used. The inspector should examine the quality of the repaired area and particular attention should be given to the interface between the original part and the repaired area. Usual inspection methods use some form of ultrasonic test equipment where the reflection of the ultrasonic sound waves detect and identify any damaged areas or faults [4].

Throw Away The Clich Essay Example

Throw Away The Clich Essay Example Throw Away The Clich Essay Throw Away The Clich Essay Essay Topic: A Long Way Gone Have we as a society come to expect perfection and beauty at every level of our lives? Are these expectations reinforced by the media? Some recently released films have taken a significant step away from this clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. Kate Barnett investigates These days, society is bombarded by images of perfection. Whether it be images of flawless bodies, idealistic friends, or perfect families, these images inundate our television sets, our magazines, and especially our movie screens. Images of perfection on the big screen are increasingly evident lately, providing us with unrealistic images of the clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d family the perfect father, mother, son and daughter and, of course, the white picket fence. It is very refreshing, and rare, to see films that step away from the unrealistic clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and show families that we ourselves are part of. They have everyday problems and are often messy, chaotic, and unsolved. Films such as Looking for Alibrandi (2000), Stepmom (1998) and Where the Heart Is (2000) have been released recently, and it really is a pleasure to see them portray life as we see it. Each one deals with real issues, and real problems, ranging from disease, to ethnicity, to teenage pregnancy. These films take an admirable step away from the clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and show us families that we can relate to. Looking For Alibrandi, directed by Kate Woods, takes a captivating approach to dealing with real issues. The movie confronts issues such as struggle for identity, teenage suicide, and ethnicity. These issues are something a teenager may face during their life. The film introduces the audience to Josie Alibrandi (Pia Miranda) and her family. Josie, just like a normal teenager is struggling with her identity. She is of Italian background and apparently feels she doesnt she fit in. Josie and her friend, Jacob As the movie progresses, Josie deals with several obstacles in her life. One of the main issues is the appearance of her father (Anthony LePaglia), whom she had never met. Josie is also confronted with the suicide of her friend John Barton (Matthew Newton), a boy who she secretly loved, envied and admired. Also, Josie is held back by the famous Alibrandi Curse, a belief developed by Josies Nonna (Elena Cotta) to explain the families bad luck. Even though the main character is a girl, I really related to the kinds of things she was going through Anthony LePaglia. Looking for Alibrandi incorporates certain camera techniques suitable for the scene. For instance, when Josie is faced with her long lost father, the director uses mid shots and close ups to allow the viewer to focus on the characters expressions. Also, when Josie throws the torn note from John into the wind, the camera pans out, following the flight of the paper. This adds to the sincerity and emphasises Josies acceptance of Johns death, that shes finally letting him go, and that John is finally free. The film incorporates music that reflects her Italian heritage. Classic songs are played predominantly at family gatherings, and play an essential part in the movie, highlighting their culture. For instance, at the start of the movie, they play a cultural song. Josie is troubled by the music, and she attempts to turn on her modern rock music. This emphasises her dislike of her culture. At the end of the movie, she does the opposite; she is the one turning on the Italian music and this emphasises her acceptance of her identity. Stepmom, directed by Chris Columbus, also provides viewers with more issues that we ourselves can relate to. The movie deals with issues such as divorce, cancer, and remarriage; three issues that are very common in todays society. This film is a drama, and my goal was to keep everything as real as possible. Says director, Chris Columbus. Similar to Looking for Alibrandi, Stepmom starts with an establishment of characters, introducing us to the stepmother, Isabel (Julia Roberts), and her stepchildren, Anna (Jena Malone) and Ben (Liam Aiken). The children, and especially their mother Jackie (Susan Sarandon), resent Isabel and are bitter about her intrusion on the family. When Jackies cancer reappears, and she must undertake Chemotherapy, she eventually realises that she must allow Isabel to mother her children when she is no longer around for them, and she accepts Isabel as part of the family. Jackie and Isabel In the chilling scene where Jackie is told she has cancer, the producer skilfully uses a circular pan around her. This signifies the confusion and shock that Jackie is feeling in this moment, and allows the viewer to feel the same confusion as she does. Also, when Jackie and Ben are talking at the end of the movie, there is a side view of them both. This shows that there is little space between the two, indicating that there is closeness, and love between them. This closeness and love between her and her children is not only emphasised by camera techniques, but also through the movies soundtrack. For instance, the song Aint No Mountain High Enough is played on three instances and depicts, through the lyrics, that there isnt anything that will separate the children from their mother. Where the Heart Is, directed by Matt Williams, again deals with issues that society can relate to. The movie is a roller coaster ride from beginning to end, and deals with a large number of issues ranging from teenage pregnancy, to death, to marriage. Unlike the former two movies, Where the Heart Is does not start with the introduction of characters. Rather, it starts at a very strange position, and the viewers must piece the story together for themselves. The movie starts with a young pregnant woman, whos left at a Wal-Mart by her selfish boyfriend and is forced to live by herself with only $5.55 in her pocket. Alone, she is forced to live in the Wal-Mart and eventually gives birth to her baby in the store, with a little help from the local Librarian. She moves in with a couple that, at first, mistook her for a friend. As the story develops, Novalee (Natalie Portman) deals with many issues, such as the death of her friend, falling in love with the man who saved her and her babies life, and supporting a friend in need of a home. Although this scenario is obscure, the reality of teenage pregnancy, death, and love are issues society has to deal with. For the first half of the film, the camera uses mid shots and long shots so the viewer can clearly see that Novalee is still pregnant. After she has given birth, the director focuses more on mid shots and close ups, techniques incorporated in the previous two movies. Novalee, standing outside Wal-Mart When Novalee finds out her boyfriend has left her, the camera pans around her to signifies the shock she is feeling, which is a technique also used in Stepmom. Looking for Alibrandi, Stepmom and Where the Heart Is have set a good example over the past few years as they attempt to present issues that we can relate to. As can be seen in the three movies, there is no perfect ending no miracle cure for cancer, no magical potion that can make you fit in, no mystical spell that can stop loved ones from leaving just the harsh reality of life. And so, these movies take a significant step away from the clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, and show us what we ourselves are subjected to. The majority of people these days have gone through the pain of death, disease, and ethnical differences, the joys of birth, and the joy of marriage. These issues are so apparent in society; it really is great to see movies throw away the clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½.

How any two functions of management can Assist an organization manage workforce diversity

How any two functions of management can Assist an organization manage workforce diversity Executive Summary The world we live in today is full of business activities almost in all sectors of the world’s economy. This has in some instances led to increased competition or demand and in rare cases both situations happen concurrently. As such, it is important that the modern managers are well equipped with the essential skills required in the management of these organizations (Valentine Woods, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on How any two functions of management can Assist an organization manage workforce diversity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is because of this, that the key management functions were laid down for the managers to follow in order to ensure the success of their businesses. Among the key functions of management, include planning, controlling organizing and directing. The aim of this report is to analyse two of these key management functions and determine how they can be eff ectively integrated into the business to achieve a diverse workforce. The report will be based on a fictional company in the banking industry known as the Urban Bank Ltd. Later on in the report, factors that hinder or support the implementation of the key management roles to achieving a diverse workforce in an organization will be looked. In addition, rrecommendations on how managers can effectively improve their skills to ensure a diverse workforce will be mentioned. Introduction Business has become an integral part of the modern society. Almost all activities carried out in each society revolve around businesses ranging from academic institutions, companies, banks, to churches just to mention a few (Valentine Woods, 2010). This is an indication of how important business enterprises are to the people in the society. However, for these businesses to be successful and overcome the current global competition being experienced, they have to be properly managed. The top rated personnel of the enterprise, referred to as the managers, normally carry out these management functions (Carrol and Gillen, 1987, p.30). The managers are obliged to carry out four main management functions, which include, directing, organizing, planning, and controlling. Other duties of the managers such as staffing and disciplinary may be delegated to special departments such as the human resources department.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This report will address two of the main functions of the management and analyze how these functions can assist an organization manage its workforce diversity. The report will be based on a fictional company in the banking sector named as Urban Bank. In order to address this issue effectively, data from related companies in this case, the banking industry will be used to make inferences. Such data is available from journals and compan ies’ publications. In writing the report, several assumptions will be made given the fact that Urban Bank is a fictional company. Some of these include, assuming the existence of the company in the real market, whereby Urban Bank will be expected to be trade its stock in the stock market. Background The Urban Bank Ltd is one of the latest entrants in the Australian banking industry. Just like most of the other banks, Urban Bank began as a money lending institution of the low-income workers in the country. As a cooperative society, it catered for the needs of the people with low income such as factory workers, workers in the construction industry and farmers among others. It operated as a cooperative society for 15 years before being elevated to the level of a bank. Its expansion eventually led to more operations, which required more workforces. This is because it now serves more people than it served before. Given this demand, it therefore, essential that the entire workforce of Urban Bank be trained on the huge task ahead, and how they can possibly handle it to ensure success of the company. In this, the report will evaluate two of the key functions of management and discuss them in detail before looking at factors that support and constrain the management in ensuring a diverse workforce. Lastly, recommendations will be made by giving suggestions to be implemented by the management team of the bank. Discussion An evaluation of the two management theories As mentioned earlier in the report, this section will evaluate two of the key management functions in organizations. These functions will be geared towards the achievement of a diverse workforce in organizations. The management functions to be discussed are planning and organizing functions of managers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on How any two functions of management can Assist an organization manage workforce diversity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Planning is a crucial function of the management, which essentially entails looking at the future and determines the action to be taken in the present or later to avoid problems in the future (Management Study Guide, 2008, p.1). Several scholars have defined the term planning: â€Å"According to Koontz O’Donnell, â€Å"Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do, and who is to do it. Planning bridges the gap between where we are to, where we want to go. It makes possible things to occur which would not otherwise occur† (Management Study Guide, 2008, p.1). According to Urwick, â€Å"Planning is a mental predisposition to do things in orderly way, to think before acting and to act in the light of facts rather than guesses†( Management Study Guide, 2008, p.1). In planning, several factors have to be put into consideration including the determination of the available and prospective resources of the organization. These resources ent ail the human and physical resources. On the other hand, the organizing function of the management is responsible for bringing together the resources of the organization in a bid to achieving its goals and objectives. One scholar by the name Henry Fayol defined organizing as the provision of the organization with all its needs such as capital, raw materials, and personnel. Planning at Urban Bank Ltd Just as it is in other organizations, planning is the most crucial function of the management in the banking sector. Given the risks that are associated with banks, it is of essence that Urban Bank Ltd take the planning function with great significance. As such, all plans should be tested for their appropriateness before being implemented in the organization. For example, when it comes to the forex market trading, the bank is required to keep on making new plans given the outcome of the situation in the market. This means that the bank managers will remain on toes to ensure that the bank does not incur losses. It can thus be concluded that planning is an operational risk function of the banking institutions. Types of plans It is important that the planning function be carried out systematically given its sensitivity in the success of the organization. Once the management has laid down the goals and objectives it would like to achieve, they get down determining the types of plans to be put in place. The list of plans to be put in place by the management of the Urban Bank is endless.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is because of the many areas of operation within the banking system. Among the plans, include internal plans, product plans such as Accounts, loans and other products offered by banks, growth plans, investment plans, expansion and strategic plans (Berry, 1996, p.1). All the aforementioned plans are instrumental in almost all organisations with the only difference coming in the types of sectors. As for the case of Urban bank, it ought to put plans with regard to the services it offers to the public. For instance, the management should plan on how to attract more people into the bank by offering attractive interest rates. Other than this, the management should plan on the future investments to be made regarding the expansion of the bank among other developments. In addition to this, Urban bank is expected to put in place plans of providing training to its workforce, especially those that were part of the transition of the bank from a cooperative society. The plan should include t raining of all the essential duties of a bank, which are different from those of cooperative societies. Similarly, the workforce should be trained on being proactive given the high competition faced by banks in order to ensure the success of the Urban Bank Ltd. Environmental Audit Among the various issues that have to be planned by any banking institution, is that of the environmental audit. An environmental audit generally entails the valuation of management systems required to be put in place in order to ensure compliance to the environmental regulations. The environmental audits are carried out in a way similar to the regular financial audits carried out by almost all organizations. As for the case of environmental audits, they are of two types, which are the management systems audits and compliance audits. The compliance audits are carried out with the intention of determining if the operations of the organization comply with the regulations of the environmental bodies. The mana gement systems audit on the other hand is intended to determine if the operations of the organisation are in line with the organisation’s systems such as the famous ISO systems (Hill, Bowen, Soboil, 1997, p.27). Given the sensitivity of the matters of an environmental audit, it is important that the management of an organisation plan the process early enough to ensure its success. Similarly, due to the significance of the environmental audits to organizations, planning is a requirement to ensure the attainment of the goals and objectives of the audit. Therefore, Urban Bank Ltd has to ensure that proper planning of the environmental audits is done before embarking on the real process. Benchmarking This is yet another important duty carried out by the management of an organization through the planning division. In benchmarking, an organization compares the processes of its operations with those of its business counterparts in a bid to gauge its performance (Boxwell, 1994, p.22 5). For instance, Urban Bank could compare its results with those from other banks on the same level in order to determine its performance. From the data collected through benchmarking, an organization is able to know its position among other companies in the same industry, thus be able to fill any loopholes discovered. On the other hand, if the performance is okay, then the organization puts in place plans of making their performance even better. The Organising function at Urban Bank The structure of Urban Bank Ltd Urban Bank just like the other banks in the banking industry has an organizational structure whose duty is to ensure proper appropriation of the organization’s resources. The bank is structured in such a way that there is the front office, middle and the back office. In each of the three segments of the bank, different operations or activities take place. As such, different resources are required in each section. For instance, the front office is mainly composed o f the telling and clerical duties. Reception duties are also evident in the front office. This is an indication that the junior staff of the bank will be found in the front office. The middle office serves duties such as audit functions among other duties such as accounting. The back office is the most senior segment of the bank, which involves the top management team. As such, the back office is responsible for the key management roles such as decision-making. It is also important to note that the middle office acts as the intermediary between the front and back offices. HRM Resources The human resource of any organization is a crucial part of the organization as this department runs almost all duties. Despite the efforts of trying to automate almost all operations of organizations, there are still a big number of the operations that have to be carried out by the human resources. For instance, the banking systems have installed the ATMs for people to carry out their banking duties individually, yet you still find long queues in the banks waiting to be served over the counter by tellers. This is an indication that banks require human resource by a great deal. As such, the management of the bank ought to ensure that the human resources are properly organized to accomplish effectively the operations of the bank, hence its success. Factors that support and constrain the management in ensuring a diverse workforce During the execution of its functions in an organization, the management is bound to encounter factors that support or constrain its duties (Robbins et al, 2009). Some of the supporting factors include aid from the government, regulatory bodies as well as other organizations in the industry. For instance, in the case of Urban Bank Ltd, it may get the support of the central bank of the country of operation. This support could involve financial aid or advisory services, which will eventually lead to its success in the market. Some of the constraint factors include competition, insufficient information, the economy of the nation and uncooperative managers (Norman, 2012, p.1). These factors will prevent the functions of management from being carried out efficiently; something could adversely affect the organization from ensuring a diverse workforce. This is because in the event an organisation is not running smoothly, the workforce is also at risk. Conclusion From the discussion above, it is clear that the success of any organization is dependent on how it carries out the key management functions. In this report, two of the key management roles have been discussed, looking at how they can be effectively applied in organizations especially on the fictional bank, Urban bank Ltd in this case. Other than the two functions discussed in the report, all organizations should strive towards integrating all the key management roles for better achievement of the organizational goals (Robbins et al, 2009). As for the case of Urban Bank Ltd, its man agers should ensure proper organization of the human resources as well as proper planning of the organizational needs in terms of human resources in order to achieve a diverse workforce. For instance, the company should begin with training of the staff to make them acquainted with the new operations that emerged after the elevation of the bank. Recommendations The first thing the managers of Urban Bank should do is to plan on how they will train their workforce to suit their new status of a bank. The management should attend seminars of leaders in the banking sector so that they can get more information on the same. They should get down to benchmarking in order to gauge their performance. It is also important that as the company puts in place measures of ensuring a diverse workforce, it also find ways of overcoming the constraints of its goal achievement. This means that the organization should hold interactive sessions with the members of its workforce so that they may air out v iews on where they need improvements. Finally yet importantly, the management of the bank should find ways of motivating their workforce. For instance, they could give them incentives such as leaves, retreats, and gifts among others. Reference List Berry, T. (1996). The Different Types of Plans. Bplans. Web. Boxwell, R. (1994). Benchmarking for Competitive Advantage. New York: McGraw-Hill. Carrol, S., and Gillen, D. (1987). Are the Classical Management Functions Useful in Describing Managerial Work? Academy of Management Review 12 (1): 28-51. Hill, R.C., Bowen, P.A., Soboil J.H. (1997). The role of environmental management systems in construction. Australian Institute of Building Papers 8: 27-39. Management Study Guide. (2008). Planning Function of Management. Management  study guide.com. Web. Norman, L. (2012). What Factors Can Affect Planning Function of Management?  Chron.com. Web. Robbins, S., Bergman, R., Stagg, I. Coulter, M. (2009). Fundamentals of  management (3rd e d.). Frenchs Forest: Pearson. Valentine, T. Woods, M. (2010). Management in focus: The global financial crisis. Frenchs Forest: Pearson.

Create an Internet Shortcut (.URL) File Using Delphi

Create an Internet Shortcut (.URL) File Using Delphi Unlike regular .LNK shortcuts (that point to a document or an application), Internet Shortcuts point to a URL (web document). Heres how to create a .URL file, or  Internet Shortcut, using Delphi. The Internet Shortcut object is used to create shortcuts to Internet sites or web documents. Internet shortcuts are diverse from regular shortcuts (which contain data in a binary file) that point to a document or an application. Such text files with a .URL extension have their content in INI file format. The easiest way to look inside a .URL file is to open it inside Notepad. The content (in its simplest form) of an Internet Shortcut could look like this: [InternetShortcut] URLhttp://delphi.about.com As you can see, .URL files have an INI file format. The URL represents the address location of the page to load. It must specify a fully qualifying URL with the format protocol://server/page.. Simple Delphi Function to Create an .URL File You can easily programmatically create an Internet shortcut if you have the URL of the page to which you want to link. When double-clicked, the default browser is launched and displays the site (or a web document) associated with the shortcut. Heres a simple Delphi function to create a .URL file. The CreateInterentShortcut procedure creates a URL shortcut file with the provided file name (FileName parameter) for the given URL (LocationURL), overwriting any existing Internet Shortcut with the same name. uses IniFiles;...procedure CreateInternetShortcut(const FileName, LocationURL : string) ;begin   Ã‚  with TIniFile.Create(FileName) do   Ã‚  try   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WriteString(   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  InternetShortcut,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  URL,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  LocationURL) ;   Ã‚  finally   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Free;  Ã‚  end;end; (*CreateInterentShortcut*) Heres a sample usage: //create an .URL file named About Delphi Programming //in the root folder of the C drive //let it point to http://delphi.about.com CreateInterentShortcut(c:\About Delphi Programming.URL , http://delphi.about.com ) ; A few notes: You could save a web page as MHT (web archive) and then create a .URL shortcut to be able to access an offline version of a web document.You must provide a full file name, along with the .URL extension, for the FileName parameter.If you already have an Internet Shortcut you are interested in, you can easily extract the URL from an Internet Shortcut (.url) file. Specifying the .URL Icon One of the neater features of the .URL file format is that you can change the shortcuts associated icon. By default the .URL will carry the icon of the default browser. If you want to change the icon, you only have to add two additional fields to the .URL file, as in: [InternetShortcut] URLhttp://delphi.about.com IconIndex0 IconFileC:\MyFolder\MyDelphiProgram.exe The IconIndex and IconFile fields let you specify the icon for the .URL shortcut. The IconFile could point to your applications exe file (IconIndex is the index of the icon as a resource inside the exe). Internet Shortcut to Open a Regular Document or an Application Being called an Internet Shortcut, a .URL file format does not permit you to use it for something else- such as a standard application shortcut. Note that the URL field must be specified in the protocol://server/page format. For example, you could create an Internet Shortcut icon on the Desktop that points to your programs exe file. You only need to specify the file:/// for the protocol. When you double click on such a .URL file, your application will be executed. Heres an example of such an Internet Shortcut: [InternetShortcut] URL file:///c:\MyApps\MySuperDelphiProgram.exe IconIndex 0 IconFile C:\MyFolder\MyDelphiProgram.exe Heres a procedure that places an Internet Shortcut on the Desktop, the shortcut points to the *current* application. You can use this code to create a shortcut to your program: uses IniFiles, ShlObj;...function GetDesktopPath: string;//get the location of the Desktop foldervar   Ã‚  DesktopPidl: PItemIDList;   Ã‚  DesktopPath: array [0..MAX_PATH] of Char;begin   Ã‚  SHGetSpecialFolderLocation(0, CSIDL_DESKTOP, DesktopPidl) ;   Ã‚  SHGetPathFromIDList(DesktopPidl, DesktopPath) ;   Ã‚  Result : IncludeTrailingPathDelimiter(DesktopPath) ; end; (*GetDesktopPath*) procedure CreateSelfShortcut;const   Ã‚  FileProtocol file:///; var   Ã‚  ShortcutTitle : string;begin   Ã‚  ShortcutTitle : Application.Title .URL;   Ã‚  with TIniFile.Create(GetDesktopPath ShortcutTitle) do   Ã‚  try   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WriteString(   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  InternetShortcut,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  URL,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  FileProtocol Application.ExeName) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WriteString(   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  InternetShortcut,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  IconIndex,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WriteString(   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  InternetShortcut,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  IconFile,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Application.ExeName) ;   Ã‚  finally   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Free;   Ã‚  end;end; (*CreateSelfShortcut*) Note: simply call CreateSelfShortcut to create a shortcut to your program on the Desktop. When to Use .URL Those handy .URL files will be useful for virtually every project. When you create a setup for your applications, include a .URL shortcut inside the Start menu- let users have the most convenient way to visit your website for updates, examples, or help files.

Power Curve Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Power Curve - Essay Example It can be modeled in a similar manner to that of the pressure that develops from molecular viscosity. That means that there is eddy viscosity that acts as super viscosity and can provide turbulent stress when multiplied by the mean gradients. Eddy viscosity is valuable since it provides us with a way to estimate the new terms developed by inserting the Reynolds decomposition through closure of the turbulent flow equations. 4- Solar insolation leads to large eddies especially during the day. The convective turbulence also leads to the development of a mixed boundary layer. The energy shuts down, and the turbulence keeps spinning aloft as the sun goes down. However, the energy is also suppressed down towards the ground due to the stably stratified turbulence. Suppression of the vertical motions by the stable flow forces the stable boundary layer to be thinner. 5- The twist in typical wind turbine blades occurs due to the differences in relative velocity wind vector (May 212). There are larger components of wind that are associated with the relative motion that occurs between the blade and the air at large. 6- One of the issues discussed in class was the current bottleneck with transmission lines. The second was the dual challenges that occur when competing with local companies that are invested and maintained by the state. 7- Turbulent energy develops from the large scale motions and gradients in the governing equations. For instance, flow instabilities get transferred to the medium scale motions, which transfer to the smaller scale motions. The smaller scale gradients become large enough and force the viscosity to dissipate turbulent kinetic energy. At the inertial subrange, turbulent kinetic energy passes through this range of scales without much dissipation. 11 – The variability of wind the resource is equal to the variability of wind power. On the other hand, the variability of fuel costs is

The Inhumanity of the Death Penalty in Truman Capotes In Cold Blood Research Paper

The Inhumanity of the Death Penalty in Truman Capotes In Cold Blood - Research Paper Example Hickock and Smith mistakably comprehended that Clutter used to keep a lot of money in his house. So both of them planned that immediately after their release they would go and rob Clutter and escape with his money. Therefore, I support that Perry and Richard were justified to be given death penalties. Perry and Richard were justified to be hanged since both characters were a threat to society. After their release, they did as planned but they didn’t get the money since Clutter rarely kept any money in the house. The two criminals ended up killing the whole family and escaped. Church mates are noted to be the ones who first noted the disappearance of the Clutter’s family in Church and decided to make a follow-up. Their efforts led them to Clutter’s house in which they found only dead bodies. This is said to be realized on the second day after when the criminal event had taken place. The police were notified and in the process of making investigations, Wells informed the authorities that he had discussed Clutter’s richness with Hickock and Smith and so they became the first suspects. Further investigations are mentioned to lead to the arrest of the two criminals a month after in Los Vegas and were brought to Kansas where they were charged for the murder c ase of the Clutter’s family. The two confessed while agreeing with the charges but their statements contradicted each other about who killed who. Nevertheless, the two murderers were both charged and sentenced to death by hanging and which took place in 1965.

10 short answer question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

10 short answer question - Assignment Example It is normally measured through human Development Index, Index of economic well being (IEWB) etc. The economic growth and economic development of Newfoundland is recorded to be almost 3% per year which is the highest during 1981 and 2010, whereas British Columbia had the lowest with 0.5 % per year during the same period. the five major resources of energy available currently in industrialized countries are Coal, natural gas, oil, gathering under fossil fuels which are non-renewable ,Nuclear and hydroelectric which are renewable and other renewable sources like solar, wind, geo-thermal, tidal and waves energy. Safe and sustainable energy is crucial for the sustainability of world economy. Today, an average person in an industrial market economy consumes approximately 80 times more than as much energy as someone in sub-Saharan Africa and about quarter of a world consumes three quarters of primary global energy which has led to uneven distribution of energy consumption. Low energy path is the best way towards a sustainable future. As per the current development rate the countries with in next 50 years could produce same levels of energy services with as little as half the primary supply currently consumed. However, this would require crucial decision making in socio-economic structure and institutional arrangements. 3. Describe the issue(s) associated with the salmon fishery (renewable resource) on the west coast of British Columbia. Describe the mitigation/management actions that are being applied currently? Have the mitigation management changes been successful? Issues associated with salmon fishery include potential ecological interactions as well as disease concerns owing to climate change. Local over fishing along with climate change and fresh water habitat loss has severely hampered the marine fish species including

Analysis of Brutish You Have to Hand it to the Neanderthals after All Research Paper

Analysis of Brutish You Have to Hand it to the Neanderthals after All - Research Paper Example On the contrary, the findings make it more probable that the Neanderthals made the paintings. The article also posits that the wrong dating resulted because scientists dated the paintings using the calcium carbonate layer, which is now believed to have accumulated on the artistic paintings years after the paintings had been made. This paper is an analysis of the article â€Å"Brutish? You have to hand it to the Neanderthals after all† authored by David Keys and featured in The Independent. The paper will also scrutinize additional research related to the articles content as well as dating of Palaeolithic cave painting in Europe. The paper will also try to establish the credibility of Keys' article and application of the research findings. Making use of a process referred to as uranium-series disequilibrium, the group that was led by Pike measured the radioactive decomposition of uranium and dated hand stencils and disks in El Castillo cave in Northern Spain. The paintings had been made by using the mouth to blow paint on the wall. The artistic paintings were found to be least 40,800 years old making them the oldest form of art in Europe. These results have ignited the debate on who is responsible for the cave paintings found in Spain and France. Previously, the paintings were attributed to modern humans but research acknowledges that modern man had not invaded Europe 41,000 years ago. At this period, Neanderthals inhabited Europe, which suggests that they could be responsible for these artistic paintings (Keys, 2012). Chauvet Cave paintings in central France were previously recognized as the world's oldest cave art paintings. The Chauvet cave paintings were dated 39,000 years old. However, the Chauvet cave dating is still controversial since it relies on radiocarbon dating making use of charcoal pigments. Archaeologists have put forward that dating based on charcoal pigments is unreliable since the pigments are susceptible to contamination by other forms of carbon, which would affect dating results. Additionally, using charcoal pigments could be erroneous in that the period when the fire was lit might not coincide with the time the painting was made (Keys, 2012; Pettitt and Pike, 2007). I selected this article due to its relevance to our understanding of the past and  human history particularly the interactions between the Neanderthals and Homo sapiens. Primordial cave paintings lend a hand in connecting the modern man to the past species. Understanding the activities of the Neanderthal is crucial since he was the immediate ancestor of Homo sapiens, the modern man. Understanding Neanderthal would thus enhance a better understanding of the development of the art of painting. Additionally the findings suggest that the Neanderthals could have been the inventors of cave painting but passed the art to Homo sapiens. Evidence shows that modern humans first appeared in Northern Spain about 41,500 years ago, as successors of the Neanderth als. These findings are contrary to current perceptions that the Homo sapiens instigated artistic painting and that Neanderthals did not practice cave painting (Zilh?ao, 2007; Keys, 2012). Another important aspect roused by these findings is that the interaction between Homo sapiens and Neanderthals coul

Can Obama Make All the Changes that He Promised Essay

Can Obama Make All the Changes that He Promised - Essay Example The message of â€Å"change† and â€Å"hope† that his campaign bombed the public with was entirely predicated on the existence of a contrast: they and I, thou and I. Obama’s election is solely attributable to this contrast and the rhetorical emphasis upon that contrast. America experienced this same phenomenon in 1976: the year in which Jimmy Carter became renowned for lofty campaign promises. All that Carter needed was an image: the image of an â€Å"outsider†, somebody â€Å"fresh†, somebody to stand in contrast with the failure of Nixon and his corruption. Like Carter, Obama has made promise under the guise of an outsider, and Americans took him on his word. But Carter met resounding failure, both in his ability to stand up for his country in the face of its enemies and to bring lasting improvement in the country’s economic situation. To the question of whether the current President can keep those promises he has given to get elected, it a ppears as though he will not be able to. As Jonathan Woon and countless commentators have indicated, there is an aura of optimism floating above Obama’s supporters. Of course, the stars are aligned for the implementation of progressive policies not seen since the legislation of New Deal policies (Woon 329). The Congress is led by Democrats in both houses, ready to submit to a Democratic President for approval. But not only are liberal members of Congress impeding the â€Å"progress† that Obama supporters are seeking, politicians have not changed their ways from the paradigm the new President called â€Å"politics as usual†. The optimism these supporters share is merely symbolic: it is what the President represents as a person, and not as a politician, which is the subject of so much hero worship. Although optimism is good when dealing with life’s problems, in excess it can stand in the way of real progress. Loyalty to people,

Levels in a Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Levels in a Class - Essay Example That is why it is necessary to provide them with a wide range of opportunities to further improve and develop the previously acquired skills, as well as acquire and perfect new ones. So, first of all, a teacher must ensure that all the classroom students feel comfortable and secure in the given learning environment in order for their learning to be effective and productive. Successful teaching in such a case entails efficient differentiation of instructions, first of all. That is, weaker students should get easier, corresponding to their proficiency level, tasks to complete, so that they don’t loose confidence in own abilities. In such a way, they will feel comfortable with the learning process. Besides, performing tasks corresponding to their level, and based on the knowledge and skills they acquired before, will ensure that there will be no gaps in their learning process, that it is being conducted gradually and consistently. This, of course, is related to the stronger students as well. Differentiated instructions tasks may include large and small group, as well as individual assignments. Successful grouping strategies may become an effective way to solve certain problems: working in mixed groups of different competency levels will, for example, improve weaker students’ skills and abilities as they learn from stronger ones working together with them for achieving a common goal. Working in groups of same competency level will, in its turn, give weaker students an opportunity to fully show one’s potential, while encouraging for achieving better results observing the work of a stronger group. However, no matter what methods a teacher chooses, one should be sure to prepare a variety of learning materials of various levels so that the learning needs of all the students in the classroom are met (DelliCarpini). As a result, performing tasks

Can Obama Make All the Changes that He Promised Essay

Can Obama Make All the Changes that He Promised - Essay Example The message of â€Å"change† and â€Å"hope† that his campaign bombed the public with was entirely predicated on the existence of a contrast: they and I, thou and I. Obama’s election is solely attributable to this contrast and the rhetorical emphasis upon that contrast. America experienced this same phenomenon in 1976: the year in which Jimmy Carter became renowned for lofty campaign promises. All that Carter needed was an image: the image of an â€Å"outsider†, somebody â€Å"fresh†, somebody to stand in contrast with the failure of Nixon and his corruption. Like Carter, Obama has made promise under the guise of an outsider, and Americans took him on his word. But Carter met resounding failure, both in his ability to stand up for his country in the face of its enemies and to bring lasting improvement in the country’s economic situation. To the question of whether the current President can keep those promises he has given to get elected, it a ppears as though he will not be able to. As Jonathan Woon and countless commentators have indicated, there is an aura of optimism floating above Obama’s supporters. Of course, the stars are aligned for the implementation of progressive policies not seen since the legislation of New Deal policies (Woon 329). The Congress is led by Democrats in both houses, ready to submit to a Democratic President for approval. But not only are liberal members of Congress impeding the â€Å"progress† that Obama supporters are seeking, politicians have not changed their ways from the paradigm the new President called â€Å"politics as usual†. The optimism these supporters share is merely symbolic: it is what the President represents as a person, and not as a politician, which is the subject of so much hero worship. Although optimism is good when dealing with life’s problems, in excess it can stand in the way of real progress. Loyalty to people,

Critical Analysis of the Nature of Gender Differences in Communication Essay

Critical Analysis of the Nature of Gender Differences in Communication - Essay Example In addition, the way that men and women adapt to others whose communication methods are different in order to achieve their communication goals. One non-verbal element of communication that can often be seen is the concept of confirmation. This is the process of acknowledge that someone exists and that the communicator is aware of that existence. This is often achieved by the nod of the head, a handshake, smile, or eye contact. A verbal indication of confirmation is a greeting such as a simple â€Å"hello†. This type of communication demonstrates respect and is often used as an attempt to gain trust from another person. We can see how men and women respond differently to this type of communication by looking at the first scene of the Modern Family episode. The theme of the situation comedy is that the family supports the other members even when they don’t agree on the actions of the family member, and even if they don’t believe that an endeavor will work. They co mmunicate their support in a secondary way through nonverbal cues as well as verbal advice. The characters in the family represent the stereotypical characters for the most part, but three members of the family stand out from the rest. There are two gay guys and a Latin Woman present in the show, who has a son with Jay in the show. Gloria, the Latina, has a thick Spanish accent and dresses like a Flamenco dancer almost, she is the prototype of a hot Latin woman, wearing bold colors and low cut dresses with high heels. Since the essay is about the difference between men and women and how they communicate, parts of the essay will focus on how she communicates in certain situations with her husband and other men. When Claire sees Dwayne, the town councilman standing outside a grocery store campaigning for reelection, she calls him â€Å"jerk† and â€Å"phony† in a low voice to her husband because Dwayne did not accept her proposal to put in a stop sign on her street. On t he other hand, the councilman who is running for office shows a big sign of the element of confirmation by warmly saying hello and shaking the husbands hand and asking for his vote. The husband immediately responds with eye contact and a smile saying that he will vote for the man. Meanwhile, Claire keeps reverting her glance away from the councilman, and indicator that men are more straightforward when communicating in person, while women are more self-aware. When Claire finally introduces herself, she announces that they have met before implying that the man should remember the encounter. After a few seconds, the man does remember and once again refutes her original request, keeping a smile on his face the entire time as if smiling is all it will take to win him the election. The man fails to acknowledge her request, responding that everyone asks for the same thing, but that’s not really what people want. This frustrates Claire even more and as she walks away, the issue for her is clearly not solved and her trust in the councilman has diminished even further. This is a great example of how men and women respond differently to confirmation efforts in communication. For the husband, the nonverbal cues were enough to satisfy him and increase his faith in the councilman, but for Claire, the use of non-verbal cues and the lack of verbal confirmation only served to lessen her faith in the coun

Fast Food Industry study of Pizza Hut

Fast Food Industry study of Pizza Hut Introduction A major transformation in business management is that organizations are trying to optimize every aspect of business. There has been a keen focus into every aspect of business which can give the organization a price or quality edge over its competitors. Effective Supply chain management (SCM) is capable of both the above mentioned advantages. If we look into the various components of SCM and analyze their significance in the context of the above we find that they are quite significant and capable of achieving price and quality edge over competitors. In this research the focus will be to study various factors influencing the supply chain management in fast food industry by referring to Pizza hut. The aspects associated to price quality and customer satisfaction will be covered through this research. The fast food industry has seen huge transformations in the recent past; the affect of these transformations on the supply chain management is also discussed in this research. Background As we know that supply chain manages the entire materials from suppliers (Suppliers of raw materials to the organization) to retailers and distributors to the customers. There are various disciplines involved in this system. for example the supplier relations management, inventory management, distribution system, retail management, reverse supply chain management. It has been observed that action in one discipline can influence the performance of the whole chain and similarly the performance of the organization. (T.J. Peters 1982à Ã‚ ¾ Riddalls 2002). More and more organizations / industries are identifying the significance of supply chain management. In terms of research there are three most researched issues in the whole supply chain management, they are; Information flow through supply chain Inventory / warehouse Management Operations Management (queuing system) The fast food industry is one of the most competitive industries. The competition majorly depends upon price, quality and service (which are core aspects of Supply Chain Management). Hence there is immense pressure on all the organizations in the fast food industry to keep the three aspects studied above to their supreme best. As fast food industry is one of the most emerged industries in the recent past, the supply chain has seen huge transformations in this industry. The industry is still emerging so as the transformations in the supply chain management of this industry. Hence this study helps the learner identify and understand the factors driving change and the factors influencing the supply chain performance. Few of the research questions and research objectives are underpinned; Research Questions This research will not only try to present the study associated with the title of the research but will also try to answer the questions mentioned below; What is the core meaning of supply chain? What is the significance of Supply Chain Management in fast food industry? What are the major components of Supply Chain Management? How significant is information sharing to keep the supply chain effective? What factors influence / drive supply chain management in fast food industry? How is demand forecast supply managed accurately? What is the impact of supply chain management on overall performance of Pizza Hut and in creating brand name for Pizza Hut? How does Pizza Hut manage their SC effectively? Similarly the research has set few objectives for itself to achieve in the course of this study. The research objectives are mentioned underneath; Research Objectives Aligned with research questions we have set few objectives for this research. They are listed underneath; To understand the supply chain practices in fast food industry To understand the difference between SCM practices in fast food industry and in other industries (manufacturing Service sector) To prove that effective core competencies can lead to competitive advantage Identify significance of various parties in the supply chain on the performance of the supply chain To understand the service level impact on the supply chain The organization / company chosen for this research Pizza hut was started in the year 1958 by two brothers Dan Frank Carney. This was an idea suggested by a common friend which they agreed to. In 1972 they introduced corporate strategy. In the mid 90s the profits of Pizza Hut were declining. Hence Dan Frank Carney thought of selling out the company. In the year 1997 Yum! Brands acquired pizza hut and is currently (Pizza hut) under Yum! Brands Highlight of Pizza hut is its variety in Pizza, garlic bread, pasta and breadsticks. In order to meet the production of the mentioned (menu) products pizza needs to co-ordinate all the suppliers of vegetables, chicken and bread and work in coordination with them. Keeping this aspect efficient is the key success factor of Pizza Hut. As we know that if an organization can manage its core competencies effectively they can surely act as competitive advantage for the company. As the ingredients for various products of pizza hut are acquired through various suppliers from different parts of the globe. There has to be proper communication to keep the supplies and demand under check. In order to keep this aspect effective the company has employed Total Quality Management (TQM) process. The strategic policy of Yum! Brands involve the suppliers to understand their role and impact in the overall performance of the organization. This keeps the supplier relations management aspect in place for the organization. Pizza Hut has restaurants and they also deliver their products to customers place. The supply chain in these cases differs. If it is served at the restaurant then it usually shortens the supply chain and if the product (pizza, pasta etc), then the supply chain has transportation included in the supply chain. Both these aspects will be discussed in detail in this study Limitations of the study As the research focuses on the supply chain management of fast food industry, there may be few differences in the supply chain then the supply chain of other industries. This research does not specifically answer questions which are out of the industry / focus of this research. The supply chain of fast food industry keeps changing in short intervals. We have focused this study on supply chain of Pizza hut. This may answer the general questions with the supply chain of fast food industry but may not answer the specific questions of other organizations. Literature review Supply chain plays a critical role in maintain the organizations brand image and service levels in the market. In this section we will speak about Supply Chain Management (SCM) in general first and then will confine it to the fast food industry. Supply chain is the term used to define the parties involved in the process of meeting customer demand. The parties involved in the supply chain are Suppliers Manufacturers / producers Distributors Retailers customers (Riddalls, C.E., Bennett, S., 2002) (Stanley E. Fawcett and Gregory N. 2004) A brief of their role in the supply chain in underpinned; As we know that supply chain management is a discipline that manages and controls the flow of information throughout the various departments to meet the customer demands. The supply chain starts from the extreme beginning of the manufacturing process i.e. acquiring the raw materials from the suppliers or in other words choosing the suppliers and ends at the extreme end of the production process i.e. the customers. (Raghavan, N.R.S., Viswanadham, N., 2001) The members or parties of the supply chain are briefed below; Suppliers: suppliers are a significant party in the supply chain. The raw materials are supplied / acquired through this resource. In terms of quality of materials / products the suppliers are held responsible. The price of the product depends upon the price of the raw material as well and the supply of raw material will influence the companys ability to meet the customer demand at the right time. Hence we can say that suppliers have a great impact on the price of the product and companys ability to meet the customers demand on time. (Riddalls, C.E., Bennett, S., 2002) Manufacturers / Producers: These are the members who convert raw materials / semi finished goods to finished goods. The production process is significant as the company judges the quality and attributes of the process in this phase; hence manufacturers also influence the quality of the product. (Riddalls, C.E., Bennett, S., 2002) Distributors: These are people who are responsible to make the product reach to the market (retailers). The distributors can be also termed as marketing intermediaries. There are various aspects associated with marketing of a product and choosing the right distributors. The reach of the distributor will always be directly proportional to the availability of the product in the market. (Riddalls, C.E., Bennett, S., 2002) Retailers: These are people who are at the end of the supply chain. In other words these are the people who sell the product to the customers (supermarkets, stores etc). They are one of the significant members in the supply chain as they are in direct contact with the customers. They represent the product on behalf of manufacturer to the customers. The demand and customer feedback can be analyzed at this level. (Riddalls, C.E., Bennett, S., 2002) Customers: These are the end users of the products. Customers were not considered as a part of supply chain, but the contemporary methods and study has added customers into the supply chain. (Riddalls, C.E., Bennett, S., 2002) The significance of these parties in the supply chain varies in context to industries. Few of the terms involved in SCM are underpinned; Inventory size This helps the organization decide the amount (size) of inventory to be ordered. This is one of the significant aspects in the fast food industry as this helps the organization not only order the right quantity but also meet the customers needs with minimum resources possible. (Raghavan, N.R.S., Viswanadham, N., 2001) Replenishment Lead Time This refers to the time between placing an order and acquiring the raw material. Usually lead time is always considered as an entity that makes the supply chain ineffective (loss in supply chain). (Raghavan, N.R.S., Viswanadham, N., 2001) Stock outs Stock outs are very common in every trade. This is a situation that arises due to miscommunications in supply chain parties, lack of analysis, bad demand and sales forecasting. Safety stock This is the excess stock that a firm maintains to manage demand fluctuations. The safety stock is maintained at the lowest levels as most of the firms are efficient in sales forecasting. Reorder Point This is a point in inventory levels wherein the firm feels the need to order more inventories. SPECIFIC TO FAST FOOD INDUSTRY Fast food is referred to food which can be cooked easily and can be eaten quickly. There are various food chains across the world, which are famous for fast food. If we look into the history of the fast food industry, the roots of fast food are from 1920s and from 1950s this industry saw a rapid growth. There are many reasons for this transformation in food habits of people. People were busy and did not find time to cook food or even to wait for long hours after ordering food. There arose the term fast food. The Asians (Specifically Chinese) are responsible for this term and industry. There lies the secret behind the customer expectations. Customers expect food to be served quickly, should be delicious and should be healthy. In this scenario all the parties of the supply chain play a major role in meeting this expectation. (Tony Hines, 2004) Few of the objectives of supply chain management in fast food industry are mentioned underneath; Supply chain planning This sets the chain direction and the strategies associated with all the aspects of supply chain. This is the overall sketch of the supply chain. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004) Procurement This is the process of selecting a supplier and managing healthy and profitable relation with them. This also helps the organization maintain quality of their products. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004) Inventory management This process helps the organization maintain right level of stock in the organization and eliminate stock outs with variation in demand for the product. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004) Packaging This is a discipline that helps in ensuring right package design and reducing the cost by encouraging the recycling process of packaging. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004) Warehousing This is the process of storing the raw material, semi finished and finished goods. Effective storage and correct warehouse design can reduce the overall cost of the product (eliminates transportation cost to a certain extent) and improve the availability of the product. The other factors in this discipline are safety of the product, storage methods and locations of the warehouses. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004) Transportation This process refers to transportation management of goods. This includes all the possible modes of transferring goods from one location to another. The records maintenance are also included in this aspect. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004) Logistics This is referred to the use of technology in maintaining all the disciplines of supply chain effectively. The use of softwares is a trend in logistics management (CRM softwares). (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004) Customer Service and marketing This refers to meeting the customer expectations effectively and creating new opportunities through customer service. This is one of the major aspects that organizations are focusing in contemporary business world. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004) The entire above mentioned are effective ways to remain competent, exist and grow in the market. Therefore managing supply chain effectively can help the business prosper. There are few other associated concepts which have an influence on the supply chain, one of them is Bull Whip Effect. Bull Whip Effect This is referred to sudden increase in customer demand that forces the supply chain to reconsider its strategy and rearrange the stocks in the supply chain. This forces the management to include more stocks into the system to meet the increased product demand. The Bull whip effect always flows in reverse direction to the flow of products. I.e. starting with realtor and ending it with the supplier of raw materials to the manufacturers. (Raghavan, N.R.S., Viswanadham, N., 2001), (Peter D Ball, 2006) There are various reasons of Bull Whip Effect; few of them are mentioned underneath; Under estimation of demand Wrong sales report Inefficiencies Lead time management Miscommunication in the supply chain (Peter D Ball 2006) Hence we can say that effective communication (information flow) in the supply chain is significant. The fast food industry cannot store the stock (Raw materials) in advance. Most of the products are vegetables and souses, which need to be fresh. Hence effective supply chain management is required. It has been observed that the major focus of most of the fast food chains is to improve the service levels (quality of the product and delivery time to the customers). Recently it has also been observed that in developing countries such as India, Pakistan, Srilanka and others, the fast food industry is focusing on the quantity and price factors. Once again this can be achieved through effective supply chain management. Research methodology Research methodology plays a vital role in the outcome of every research. There are various aspects, which a researcher needs to consider, before during and after gathering data for a research. Few of the aspects are presented underneath and are discussed in the context of the research. (Cooper, D. Schindler, P. 1998) Research approach There are various research approaches possible. Few of them are underpinned; Inductive approach Deductive approach Qualitative approach Quantitative approach (Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. 2003) A brief of the above four is given below; Inductive approach: The term itself indicates that this process starts with a point and ends up adding information and few more points on the way through to making general interpretations about the research topic. (Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. 2003) Deductive approach: This refers to an approach that starts with few concepts and theories and tries to confine the subject in the context of the research focus. This is one of the widely used approaches to reach to a conclusion in general researches to add more specific information to existing concepts. (Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. 2003) Qualitative approach: This approach relies on the existing theories and practices. In other words this approach is based on the tested and proven methods. The available literature is the major source in this approach. This is called qualitative as the research results can be more reliable then compared to other methods / approaches of research. (Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. 2003) Quantitative approach: This is one of the widely used research approaches. This approach relies on a wider study and does not majorly rely on the literature, instead will take a concept or theory from the existing literature and will research about it in the environment (surroundings). This is one of the approach used to make general interpretations about a concept or theory. The major methods of this research approach are surveys, questionnaire, interviews etc. (Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. 2003) The research approach for this research will not be restricted to any of the research approaches. We will use all the approaches possible to keep this study effective. As there are various factors influencing the supply chain and the fast food industry is specific, hence we will try to emanate the drawbacks of various approaches and will use all possible methods to gather pertinent and result oriented data. Research Strategy Research strategy for every research is significant. As we know that this influences the outcome of the research, hence we have decided to formulate two questionnaires for gathering data. One will focus on the management and the other will focus on the experiences of the customers. This will also help in covering all the aspects in this research. For this research we will also contact few industry experts to analyse the interpretations and results of the research to keep it effective. Data sources There are various sources through which data can be gathered. The data for any research can be divided into two categories. They are; Research specific data (Primary data) Supporting data (secondary data) The above two are explained in brief below; Research Specific data This is also known as primary data. The term itself indicates that this data is specific to the research. The data that is gathered to answer the set research questions is known as primary data. The major sources for gathering data in this category are interviews, focus groups, surveys, observations, questionnaires, telephonic interviews, etc (Bryman, A. Bell, E. 2003) Supporting data This refers to the data that fills the gaps left by the primary data. As the major function of this data is to support the research, hence this is known as supporting data. This data is not research specific, instead is gathered from the available literature or some other pertinent research. The major sources through which this data can be gathered are academic books, magazines, newspapers, internet, etc (Bryman, A. Bell, E. 2003) The data for this research will be gathered through formulating two questionnaires and using two methods. First we will try to contact the management of Pizza hut through email and take their responses on the questionnaire; the second will be to carry-out a general survey in public to know about the customer service (and associate it with the effectiveness of the supply chain). We will also utilize the secondary sources such as Internet to gather pertinent data to make the research effective. Data Analysis There are various aspects that a research needs to focus before, during and after gathering data for a research. These aspects help the researcher keep the data effective in the context of the study. Few of the aspects are listed below; Validity: This refers to the relevance of variables in the study. As we know that there are various variables in a research. This aspects ensures that the data gathered should be relative to the research. In other words these aspects state that there has to be inter-connectivity between the focus of the research and the data gathered. (Ghauri, R. Gronhaug, K. 2005) We will try to gather relevant data and will avoid vagueness in data. The data gathered will be confined to the research focus but will also try to remain neutral to answer various other research associated questions. Reliability: This aspect refers to neutral (correct or accurate) and bias free results. In other words this aspect states that if the same data is used again for a similar research the results of the research should be similar. This also states that there should be any biased interpretation or should be a favor for any person or organization through this research. (Ghauri, R. Gronhaug, K. 2005) We will not only stay neutral while interpreting the findings and framing the results of this research, but will also send the results to few industry experts to seek their view. This will eliminate the bias aspect from the research and will keep the research effective. Generalizability: This refers to the spectrum covered by the research answers in resolving the general issues. In other words the results of the research should be able to answer a wide range of real time issues. (Ghauri, R. Gronhaug, K. 2005) We will try to keep the results as general as possible and will also try to cover as many issues as possible. Authenticity of data sources: This is one of the significant aspects of any research. The data gathered should be from reliable sources. The authenticity of data sources defines the effectiveness of the research. (Collis, J. Hussey, R. 2009) We will try to gather data from authentic sources. As we have formulated questionnaires and are gathering data through sources which are reliable, I believe we can surely guarantee the authenticity of data sources. Ethical Issues This refers to the methods used for gathering data. The ethical issues are quite significant for every researchs credibility towards the society. This includes a code of conduct that states that the methods used for data gathering and research should not include any method that is illegal or unacceptable. The methods or results of the research should not harm any person / firm / industry. (Crowther, D. Lancaster, G. 2009) The methods used for this research will be decided by keeping the above code of conduct in mind and will not include any such methods which fall out of the code of conduct. We will try to keep the work ethical and free from any bias. PROJECT PLAN Weeks 0-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15 Background Reading Research Proposal Theoretical framework Primary Secondary Data gathering Report Making Submission Conclusion Supply chain management plays a significant role in managing resources and effective customer service irrespective of industry. The fast food industry is customer driven and the service level plays a significant role in creating expectations with the customers. The fast food industry (Specifically Pizza hut) will be studied in the context of the supply chain extensively and the research results will be framed. We will study all the associated aspects and will try to cover all the potential issues under the focus of the research. We will keep the research bias free and ethical to the extreme possibility.

Credit and Debt in Victorian England Essay -- Victorian Era

Credit and Debt in Victorian England The majority of Victorian society’s economic dealings can be summed up in two words: credit and debt. These ominous specters, which seemed to haunt Victorian England, were simultaneously able to evoke feelings of delight and doom in their â€Å"victims of vanity†. There were several different factors that contributed to the Victorian’s propensity to abuse their credit, and as a result, fall deeply into debt. In her essay, â€Å"A Husband and His Wife’s Dresses†, Erika Rappaport discusses the significant role that gender played in the credit and debt â€Å"epidemic† that plagued Victorian society. Rappaport gives a fairly detailed account of the progression of buying on credit in Victorian society. In her essay, Rappaport states that â€Å"for most of the nineteenth century, consumer credit was still informal and was based on personal trust and a financial and moral assessment of the buyer† (165). Essentially, buying on credit was based on social position rather than financial stability. She comments that in the nineteenth century, selling on credit was still a widespread practice, and â€Å"many of the commodities that filled the Victorians’ homes and adorned their bodies were bought with its helpâ₠¬  (167). Rappaport states that buying on credit â€Å"helped middle-class families on limited income set up households†, and that â€Å"approximately 80 percent of all sales in the small, elite shops of metropolitan districts were offered on credit† (167). However, as time progressed, informal store credit became increasingly risky. Consumers began to travel longer distances in order to buy their goods, and it became increasingly less common to conduct business with neighbors and relatives. As a result of these changes, â€Å"wholesale... ... bills was perpetually in the forefront of the Victorian mindset. Further Links http://www.victorianweb.org/graphics/thackeray/17.1.html Works Cited Landow, George P. â€Å"Bankruptcy in Victorian England—Threat or Myth?† The Victorian Web. 22 March 2001. 7 Nov. 2004. . Rappaport, Erika. â€Å"A Husband and His Wife’s Dresses.† The Sex of Things: Gender and Consumption in Historical Perspective. Ed. Victoria de Grazia with Ellen Furlough. London: University of California Press, Ltd., 1996. 163-177. â€Å"The Victorians: Debt Could Get You in Prison.† RomanceEverAfter. 7 Nov. 2004. . Williams, Montagu Q.C. â€Å"London: Down East and Up West.† The Victorian Dictionary. 1894. 7 Nov. 2004. . Path: Finance: Money-Lenders. Credit and Debt in Victorian England Essay -- Victorian Era Credit and Debt in Victorian England The majority of Victorian society’s economic dealings can be summed up in two words: credit and debt. These ominous specters, which seemed to haunt Victorian England, were simultaneously able to evoke feelings of delight and doom in their â€Å"victims of vanity†. There were several different factors that contributed to the Victorian’s propensity to abuse their credit, and as a result, fall deeply into debt. In her essay, â€Å"A Husband and His Wife’s Dresses†, Erika Rappaport discusses the significant role that gender played in the credit and debt â€Å"epidemic† that plagued Victorian society. Rappaport gives a fairly detailed account of the progression of buying on credit in Victorian society. In her essay, Rappaport states that â€Å"for most of the nineteenth century, consumer credit was still informal and was based on personal trust and a financial and moral assessment of the buyer† (165). Essentially, buying on credit was based on social position rather than financial stability. She comments that in the nineteenth century, selling on credit was still a widespread practice, and â€Å"many of the commodities that filled the Victorians’ homes and adorned their bodies were bought with its helpâ₠¬  (167). Rappaport states that buying on credit â€Å"helped middle-class families on limited income set up households†, and that â€Å"approximately 80 percent of all sales in the small, elite shops of metropolitan districts were offered on credit† (167). However, as time progressed, informal store credit became increasingly risky. Consumers began to travel longer distances in order to buy their goods, and it became increasingly less common to conduct business with neighbors and relatives. As a result of these changes, â€Å"wholesale... ... bills was perpetually in the forefront of the Victorian mindset. Further Links http://www.victorianweb.org/graphics/thackeray/17.1.html Works Cited Landow, George P. â€Å"Bankruptcy in Victorian England—Threat or Myth?† The Victorian Web. 22 March 2001. 7 Nov. 2004. . Rappaport, Erika. â€Å"A Husband and His Wife’s Dresses.† The Sex of Things: Gender and Consumption in Historical Perspective. Ed. Victoria de Grazia with Ellen Furlough. London: University of California Press, Ltd., 1996. 163-177. â€Å"The Victorians: Debt Could Get You in Prison.† RomanceEverAfter. 7 Nov. 2004. . Williams, Montagu Q.C. â€Å"London: Down East and Up West.† The Victorian Dictionary. 1894. 7 Nov. 2004. . Path: Finance: Money-Lenders.